1. Wood pulp
Wood pulp is the main ingredient in most paper towels. It is made from fibers from trees. Most are made from softwood trees such as pine and fir, which have long fibers that make strong, durable paper. Other types of wood pulp, such as hardwood, can also be used. Raw wood pulp is mixed with water to form a slurry, which is then processed into paper.
2. Water
Water is another important ingredient. It makes up a large part of the pulp used to make paper. Water helps break down the raw wood pulp fibers and evenly distribute the fibers throughout the paper. Also, during the manufacturing process, water is used to clean the paper. Finally, water is added to the finished paper towels to moisten them and help them clean more effectively.
3. Chemical additives
In addition to wood pulp and water, they contain a variety of chemical additives. These additives have a variety of functions, including increasing the strength and absorbency of the paper, preventing bacterial growth, and adding color and odor. Here are some of the most common chemical additives:
- Bleach: Many paper towels are bleached to make them white. This involves using chemicals like hydrogen peroxide or chlorine dioxide to remove the color from the wood pulp fibers. They may also have higher antimicrobial properties after bleaching.
- Softeners: To make them softer and more absorbent, manufacturers may add chemicals like polyethylene glycols (PEGs) or quaternary ammonium compounds (quats). These substances coat the surface of the paper fibers and help prevent them from sticking together.
- Fragrances: Some paper towels have fragrances added to give them a pleasant smell. These fragrances may be natural or synthetic and may include essential oils, perfumes, or other scents.
- Preservatives: To prevent bacterial growth, some paper towels contain preservatives like formaldehyde or parabens. These chemicals help extend the shelf life of the product.
- Dyes: Many paper towels are colored to make them more attractive or to distinguish them from other brands. Dyes are added to the pulp or the finished product.